Why Penguin is Linux logo?
Penguin as logo/mascot for Linux was discussed first in early 1996 by several people in the linux-kernel mailing list. The idea of such mascot came from Alan Cox first. Among many other suggestions made by different people there were parodies of other operating system logos, sharks or even eagles.
Tux
The first person called the penguin “Tux” was James Hughes who said that it stood for “(T)orvalds (U)ni(X)”.
Tux was designed for a Linux logo contest. Confusingly, there were
actually three separate contests and Tux didn’t win any of them. This is
why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logo. Tux was created by Larry Ewing using the first publicly released version (0.54) of GIMP. It was released by him under the following condition:Permission to use and/or modify this image is granted provided you acknowledge me lewing@isc.tamu.edu and The GIMP if someone asks.
Tux does not accurately portray any of the 19 species of penguin although he somewhat resembles an Adelie penguin. He is often dressed or portrayed differently, depending on context; for example, when representing the PaX, security patch for linux kernel, he wears a helmet and brandishes an axe and shield,
and his eyes are red. Recently, Tux has been redrawn to blend more
appropriately into “crystalized” desktop themes (see picture left).
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